روش تامین مالی پروژه‌محور و شرکتی از منظر حاکمیت پروژه موردکاوی: پروژه‌های بالادستی پارس جنوبی در ایران و قطر

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت پروژه و ساخت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت پروژه و ساخت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس (نویسنده مسئول).

چکیده

 چکیده     منابع مالی پروژه­های سرمایه­بر تنها از منابع مالی داخل سازمان (تامین آورده) تامین نمی­شود و بخش عمده منابع مالی مورد نیاز پروژه از منابع خارج از سازمان به­صورت بدهی تامین می­شود. با توجه به اینکه تحقق تامین مالی یک فرایند چند لایه­ای از تعاملات مختلف بین ارکان درگیر در این فرایند است که این تعاملات تحت مفهوم حاکمیت پروژه تفسیر می­شود؛ بنابراین این مقاله با رویکرد تحلیلی دو روش تامین مالی پروژه محور و شرکتی را از منظر حاکمیت پروژه در پروژه­های بالادستی نفت و گاز ایران و قطر بررسی می­کند. روش تحقیق مقاله راهبرد کیفی موردکاوی در دو پروژه پارس جنوبی است. روش­های گردآوری داده­های تحقیق بر اساس مصاحبه­های نیمه­ساختاریافته و باز با ارکان پروژه­های مورد مطالعه می­باشد. نمونه­گیری و انتخاب افراد مطلع در مورد پروژه­ها با روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس و نمونه­گیری گلوله­برفی انجام شده است. یافته­های تحقیق نشان داد روش تامین مالی پروژه محور با استقلال حقوقی پروژه از سهام­داران، وجود قراردادهای تفصیلی و الزام­آور بلندمدت بین تامین­کنندگان و خریداران محصول پروژه، منجر به ادغام عمودی و کاهش مشکل امتناع ارکان پروژه شده و انگیزه تامین مالی بلندمدت غیر رجوعی را افزایش داده است. در مقابل در تامین مالی شرکتی با عدم استقلال مالی و تصمیم­گیری پروژه و تعریف ساختار تصمیم­گیری در خارج از آن و عدم تقارن اطلاعات بین کارفرما و تامین­کننده در دوره اجرا و بهره­برداری احتمال ایجاد مشکل امتناع افزایش یافته و تامین­کنندگان مالی با ساختار اتحادیه­ای موجب شکل­گیری ادغام عمودی خارج از پروژه شده و عدم انجام تعهدات وام­گیرنده را هزینه­بر نموده­اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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